基本信息
标准名称: | 出口荧光灯启动器检验规程 |
英文名称: | Rule for inspection of starter for fluorescent lamps for export |
中标分类: |
电工 >>
电气照明 >>
灯具附件 |
替代情况: | 被SN/T 1588.9-2007替代 |
发布日期: | 1997-02-13 |
实施日期: | 1997-05-01 |
首发日期: | |
作废日期: | 2008-03-01 |
出版日期: | |
页数: | 5页 |
适用范围
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前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类: 电工 电气照明 灯具附件
【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforEvaluatingNonconventionalMicrobiologicalTestsUsedforEnumeratingBacteria
【原文标准名称】:评估细菌计数的非常规微生物试验标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1326-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:E35.15
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:细菌;指南;微生物分析;微生物学
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Thisguideshouldbeusedbyproducersandpotentialproducersofnonconventionalteststodeterminetheaccuracy,selectivity,specificity,andreproducibilityofthetests,asdefinedinPracticesE691andD3870.Resultsofsuchstudiesshouldidentifythelimitationsandindicatetheutilityorapplicabilityofthenonconventionaltest,orboth,foruseondifferenttypesofsamples.Nonconventionaltestusersandpotentialusersshouldemploythisguidetoevaluateresultsofthenonconventionaltestascomparedtotheirpresentmethods.PracticesD5245andD5465shouldbereviewedinregardstotheconventionalmicrobiologicalmethodsemployed.Ifconventionalmethodshavenotbeenusedformonitoringthesystems,thenguidelinesareincludedforobtainingmicrobiologicalexpertise.Utilizationofanonconventionaltestmayreducethetimerequiredtodeterminethemicrobiologicalstatusofthesystemandenableanimprovementintheoveralloperatingefficiency.Inmanycases,thefindingsofasignificantlyhighlevelofbacteriaindicatestheneedforanadditionofanantimicrobialagent.Byaccuratelydeterminingthisinashortertimeperiodthanbyconventionalmethods,treatmentwithantimicrobialagentsmaycircumventmoreseriousproblemsthanifthetreatmentwerepostponeduntilconventionalresultswereavailable.Iftheantimicrobialtreatmentprogramreliesonaninaccuratenonconventionaltest,thenunnecessarylossofproductandproblemsassociatedwithinappropriateselectionorimproperdosingwithantimicrobialagentswouldexist.Sincemanymethodsbasedonentirelydifferentchemicalandmicrobiologicalprinciplesareconsidered,itisnotpossibletoestablishauniquedesignandrecommendaspecificmethodofstatisticalanalysesforthecomparisonstobemade.Itisonlypossibletopresentguidesthatshouldbefollowedwhileperformingtheexperiments.Itisalsorecommendedthatastatisticianbeinvolvedinthestudy.1.1Thepurposeofthisguideistoassistusersandproducersofnonconventionaltestsindeterminingtheapplicabilityofthetestforprocessingdifferenttypesofsamplesandevaluatingtheaccuracyoftheresults.ConventionalproceduressuchastheHeterotrophic(Standard)PlateCount,theMostProbableNumber(MPN)methodandtheSpreadPlateCountarewidelycitedandacceptedfortheenumerationofmicroorganisms.However,thesemethodshavetheirlimitations,suchasperformancetimeanddegreeofaccuracy.Itistheselimitationsthathaverecentlyledtothemarketingofavarietyofnon-conventionalprocedures,testkitsandinstruments.1.2Aconventionaltestisonethatiswidelyacceptedandpublishedasastandardmicrobiologicalmethodorrelatedprocedure.Anew,nonconventionaltestmethodwillattempttoprovidethesameinformationthroughthemeasurementofadifferentparameter.Thisguideisdesignedtoassistinvestigatorsinassessingtheaccuracyandprecisionofnonconventionalmethodsintendedforthedeterminationofmicrobialpopulationdensitiesoractivities.1.3ItisrecognizedthattheHeterotrophicPlateCountdoesnotrecoverallmicroorganismspresentinaproductorasystem(,).Whenthisproblemoccursduringthecharacterizationofamicrobiologicalpopulation,alternativestandardenumerationproceduresmaybenecessary,asinthecaseofsulfate-reducingbacteria.Atothertimes,chemicalmethodsthatmeasuretheratesofappearanceofmetabolicderivativesortheutilizationofcontaminatedproductcomponentsmightbeindicated.Inevaluatingnonconventionaltests,theuseofthesealternativestandardproceduresmaybetheonlymeansavailableforestablishingcorrelation.Insuchcases,thisguidecanserveasareference......
【中国标准分类号】:A40
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_10;07_100_10
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】: